*(not imperial)
†(in the present, 4 March 2026: Iran)
I. Classical Geometric Order
c. 5th century BCE–late antiquity
Key shift: Movement subordinated to geometry.
* Plato — ideal forms as spatial intelligibility
* Aristotle — ordered cosmos; teleological motion
* Euclidean geometry formalises space as stable structure
* Polis as body politic: centred, proportioned, bounded